Reviews
Meningococcal Group A, C, W, and Y Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine: A Review of Clinical Data in Adolescents
MenACWY-TT (Nimenrix) is a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine containing polysaccharides from serogroups A, C, W, and Y conjugated to a tetanus toxoid carrier protein. MenACWY-TT is licensed in some countries as a three-dose primary series in individuals as young as 6 weeks of age and as a single dose in individuals ≥12 months of age. MenACWY-TT use is supported by long-term immunogenicity and safety across age groups, including data from several phase 2, 3, and 4 clinical studies in adolescents and young adults.Human Papillomavirus-Related Disease in Men: Not Just a Women's Issue
The most common cause of mortality related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is cervical cancer. However, male HPV infection is also an important concern, both for the disease burden in men and for the risk of transmission to women. HPV is associated with a variety of cancers in men, including anal cancer and a subset of penile and oral cancers. The incidence of anal and oral cancers related to HPV is increasing in the general population and is growing even faster among individuals who are immunocompromised because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Beyond Cervical Cancer: Burden of Other HPV-Related Cancers Among Men and Women
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and is etiologically associated with a subset of cancers of the anus, oropharynx, penis, vagina, and vulva. Current data indicate that HPV infection is potentially associated with 90%–93% of anal cancers, 12%–63% of oropharyngeal cancers, 36%–40% of penile cancers, 40%–64% of vaginal cancers, and 40%–51% of vulvar cancers. HPV infection accounts for up to 492,800 cervical cancers and 97,215 cases of noncervical HPV-related cancers worldwide during 2002, including up to 50,780 cancers among men (13,485 anal cancers, 26,775 oropharyngeal cancers, and 10,520 penile cancers) and up to 46,435 cancers among women (14,787 anal cancers, 6,048 oropharyngeal cancers, and 25,600 vaginal/vulvar cancers).Adolescent Vaccination: Physician Challenges and Solutions
As additional vaccines for adolescents come to market, physicians are confronted with multiple barriers to providing immunizations, including vaccine costs, concerns about safety, attitudes and/or knowledge, and obtaining adolescent consent. Immunization rates in adolescents could be improved by increasing providers' knowledge about recommended vaccines, providing information about vaccine safety to parents and patients, and taking care not to miss any vaccination opportunities.
