Abstract
Purpose
We examined changes in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among adolescents
and young adults aged 13–24 years from 2015 through 2019.
Methods
We used national surveillance data for 2015–2019 from AtlasPlus to calculate 12 absolute
and relative disparity measures for 7 racial/ethnic groups to understand HIV diagnosis
trends over time. We calculated four absolute measures (Black-to-White rate difference,
Hispanic-to-White rate difference, Absolute Index of Disparity [ID], population-weighted
Absolute ID) and eight relative measures (Black-to-White rate ratio, Hispanic-to-White
rate ratio, ID, population-weighted ID, population attributable proportion, Gini coefficient,
Theil index, and mean log deviation).
Results
HIV diagnosis rates decreased by 15.9% across all racial/ethnic groups combined. All
the absolute disparity measures we examined indicated substantial reductions (13.5%–18.5%)
in absolute disparities. Most of the relative disparity measures (eight of eight population-unadjusted
measures and five of eight population-adjusted measures) declined as well, but the
change was relatively modest and ranged from a 3.3% decrease to a 2.1% increase across
the measures.
Discussion
Despite progress, racial/ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among adolescents and
young adults remain. Programs and services that are culturally relevant and tailored
for this population may assist with continued progress toward reducing racial/ethnic
disparities.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Adolescent HealthAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy.N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 493-505
- Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2015–2019 States, 2015–2019. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2021;26(No. 1).(Available at:)http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.htmlDate: 2021Date accessed: August 24, 2021
- Sexual health, STI and HIV risk, and risk perceptions among American Indian and Alaska native emerging adults.Prev Sci. 2018; 20: 331-341
- Changes in racial and ethnic disparities in estimated diagnosis rates of heterosexually acquired HIV infection among heterosexual males in the United States, 2014–2018.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020; 85: 588-592
- Exploring changes in racial/ethnic disparities of HIV diagnosis rates under the “ending the HIV epidemic: A plan for America” initiative.Public Health Rep. 2020; 135: 685-690
- US regional changes in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among women in the United States, 2012 and 2017.AIDS Behav. 2019; 24: 1118-1123
- An overview of methods for monitoring social disparities in cancer with an example using trends in lung cancer incidence by area-socioeconomic position and race-ethnicity, 1992-2004.Am J Epidemiol. 2008; 167: 889-899
- Racial disparity in U.S. diagnoses of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, 2000–2009.Am J Prev Med. 2012; 43: 461-466
- Measuring health disparities: Trends in racial−ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity among 2- to 18-year old youth in the United States, 2001–2010.Ann Epidemiol. 2012; 22: 698-704
- Selected comparisons of measures of health disparities: A review using databases relevant to healthy people 2010 cancer-related objectives. NCI Cancer surveillance Monograph Series, number 7.National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD2007 (NIH Pub No. 07-6281)
- Establishing a Holistic Framework to reduce inequities in HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STDs, and Tuberculosis in the United States.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (GA)2010
- World health organization.(Available at:)https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-healthDate accessed: August 24, 2021
- Continuing the journey toward health equity: Becoming Antiracist in health promotion research and practice.Health Educ Behav. 2020; 47: 665-670
- Methodological issues in measuring health disparities.Vital Health Stat 2. 2005; : 1-16
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: October 08, 2022
Accepted:
August 12,
2022
Received:
October 25,
2021
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofFootnotes
Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Identification
Copyright
Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.
