Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to synthesize qualitative and quantitative data on the diagnosis
and effective management of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) in the adolescent
population.
Methods
Using keywords, 1,334 studies published between December 1954 and December 2019 were
extracted from MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via OVID, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science,
and the Cochrane Library. Studies were evaluated by two independent reviewers using
predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results
The search yielded 148 studies for full-text review, of which 21 were included in
this systematic review. A total of 10 articles were related to the diagnosis of CHS,
while 11 articles discussed the treatment and management of adolescent cases of CHS.
Conclusions
CHS in the adolescent population fulfills the major and minor diagnostic criteria
of CHS in the adult population; however, in adolescent patients, CHS may present more
frequently in females, with the earliest reported case presenting at age 15 years.
There appears to be a substantial proportion (21%) of adolescent patients diagnosed
with CHS that have a history of anxiety and depression; however, higher quality studies
to assess the prevalence are warranted. Although haloperidol and topical capsaicin
cream may provide symptom relief in isolated cases, complete cessation of cannabis
use is currently the only known effective treatment.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 07, 2020
Accepted:
July 21,
2020
Received:
April 25,
2020
Footnotes
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests or any external funding and that there has been no prior presentation of study data as an abstract or poster.
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.
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Access this article on ScienceDirectLinked Article
- The Coming Storm: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome in AdolescentsJournal of Adolescent HealthVol. 68Issue 2
- PreviewAcceptance of cannabis (Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, pot, grass, or marijuana) use is a growing phenomenon across the United States. The plant is dried, cured or oil extracted, then products smoked or vaporized to absorb its psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol. As of this publication, there are 11 states where Cannabis use is legal in the United States and widespread efforts are underway to expand this further. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics policy regarding marijuana use states that “cannabis use can lead to impaired judgment concentration and coordination that increases risk of accidents,” it is the neuromodulator effects associated with cannabis use that are important to us as its effect on the developing nervous system are unclear [1,2].
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