Abstract
Purpose
Method
Results
Conclusions
Keywords
- Peak K.J.
- Glensor R.W.
Methods
Data source
Driving measures
- Simons-Morton B.
- Li K.
- Brooks-Russell A.
- et al.
Demographics
Analysis
Results
Bivariate regression estimates | Multivariate regression estimates | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample statistics | DSR (Ref = no DSR) | PSR (Ref = no PSR) | DSR (Ref = no DSR) | PSR (Ref = no PSR) | ||||||||
Characteristics | Category | n | % | 95% CI (%) | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI |
Age | <18 years old | 933 | 33.64 | (27.73, 39.64) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | — | — | — | — |
≥18 years old | 1,462 | 66.36 | (60.44, 72.29) | .94 | (.53, 1.67) | .92 | (.62, 1.35) | — | — | — | — | |
Gender | Female | 1,330 | 55.26 | (51.91, 58.61) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) |
Male | 1,065 | 44.74 | (41.39, 48.09) | 3.03 | (1.92, 4.77) | 1.82 | (1.17, 2.83) | 3.39 | (2.27, 5.08) | 1.85 | (1.20, 2.85) | |
Race/ethnicity | Non-Hispanic White | 976 | 58.62 | (46.12, 71.12) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | — | — |
Hispanic/Latino | 697 | 19.85 | (11.79, 27.90) | 2.94 | (1.69, 5.11) | .66 | (.33, 1.33) | 1.97 | (1.07, 3.64) | — | — | |
Non-Hispanic Black/African-American | 538 | 14.98 | (6.80, 23.16) | 1.77 | (1.07, 2.93) | 1.58 | (.91, 2.75) | 2.07 | (1.09, 3.93) | — | — | |
Non-Hispanic mixed race | 88 | 4.37 | (2.51, 6.23) | 3.19 | (.91, 11.21) | .75 | (.19, 2.93) | 3.62 | (1.05, 12.47) | |||
Other non-Hispanic minorities | 89 | 2.18 | (.94, 3.42) | 2.93 | (.89, 9.66) | .70 | (.19, 2.61) | 2.27 | (.73, 7.04) | — | — | |
Socioeconomic Status | Low affluence | 764 | 23.11 | (16.75, 29.47) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) |
Moderate affluence | 1,125 | 49.00 | (45.95, 52.05) | .46 | (.28, .77) | .49 | (.33, .74) | .60 | (.38, .95) | .48 | (.32, .71) | |
High affluence | 505 | 27.89 | (22.08, 33.70) | .51 | (.20, 1.26) | .57 | (.29, 1.13) | .78 | (.33, 1.87) | .59 | (.30, 1.16) | |
Highest parental education level | High school diploma/GED or less | 816 | 31.04 | (24.78, 37.29) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | — | — |
Some college education or associate's degree | 819 | 40.57 | (36.44, 44.71) | .52 | (.28, .97) | .93 | (.53, 1.64) | .64 | (.37, 1.09) | — | — | |
Bachelor's degree or more | 560 | 28.39 | (21.96, 34.81) | .47 | (.22, .98) | .68 | (.33, 1.41) | .52 | (.27, 1.00) | — | — | |
Driving licensure status | Not independently licensed | 1,159 | 33.69 | (25.42, 41.96) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | — | — | — | — |
Independently licensed | 1,223 | 66.31 | (58.04, 74.58) | 1.17 | (.56, 2.45) | .99 | (.62, 1.58) | — | — | — | — | |
Crash involvement | No crashes | 2,089 | 85.59 | (82.00, 89.18) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
Any crashes | 295 | 14.41 | (10.82, 18.00) | 1.79 | (1.05, 3.05) | 2.46 | (1.66, 3.63) | |||||
DWI | No DWI | 1,374 | 86.95 | (54.17, 65.57) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
Any DWI | 159 | 13.05 | (34.43, 45.83) | 3.81 | (2.66, 5.44) | 4.82 | (3.01, 7.70) | |||||
C-RDS | Lower risk driver | 1,623 | 57.06 | (50.74, 63.37) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
Higher risk driver | 764 | 42.94 | (36.63, 49.26) | 2.25 | (1.50, 3.39) | 2.03 | (1.29, 3.17) | |||||
Texting/calling while driving | Less frequently | 1,623 | 57.18 | (51.27, 63.09) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
More frequently | 762 | 42.82 | (36.91, 48.73) | 1.62 | (1.01, 2.59) | 2.11 | (1.27, 3.50) | |||||
DSR | No DSR | 1,350 | 86.66 | (84.20, 89.11) | — | — | (Ref) | (Ref) | ||||
Any DSR | 194 | 13.34 | (10.89, 15.80) | — | — | 13.47 | (7.41, 24.49) | |||||
PSR | No PSR | 2,196 | 91.65 | (89.83, 93.47) | (Ref) | (Ref) | — | — | ||||
Any PSR | 190 | 8.35 | (6.53, 10.17) | 13.47 | (7.41, 24.49) | — | — |
Crash involvement (Ref = no crashes) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 (n = 1,411) | Model 2 (n = 1,400) | Model 3 (n = 1,394) | Model 4 (n = 1,386) | ||||||
AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | ||
Gender | Female (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Male | .84 | (.52, 1.35) | .83 | (.53, 1.30) | .86 | (.54, 1.36) | .86 | (.55, 1.36) | |
Race/ethnicity | Non-Hispanic White (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Hispanic/Latino | .74 | (.34, 1.60) | .72 | (.32, 1.62) | .77 | (.34, 1.75) | .75 | (.32, 1.73) | |
Non-Hispanic Black/African-American | .89 | (.48, 1.67) | .90 | (.49, 1.66) | .92 | (.49, 1.71) | .92 | (.49, 1.71) | |
Non-Hispanic mixed race | 2.89 | (1.42, 5.86) | 2.99 | (1.61, 5.57) | 2.95 | (1.45, 5.99) | 2.89 | (1.45, 5.77) | |
Other non-Hispanic minorities | 1.16 | (.29, 4.69) | 1.14 | (.31, 4.25) | 1.16 | (.30, 4.43) | 1.13 | (.30, 4.26) | |
Socioeconomic Status | Low affluence (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Moderate affluence | 1.37 | (.70, 2.68) | 1.32 | (.68, 2.58) | 1.22 | (.64, 2.31) | 1.19 | (.62, 2.27) | |
High affluence | 1.52 | (.78, 2.97) | 1.50 | (.76, 2.94) | 1.43 | (.71, 2.89) | 1.36 | (.66, 2.78) | |
Highest parental education level | High school diploma/GED or less (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Some college education or associate's degree | .95 | (.55, 1.65) | .93 | (.53, 1.61) | .93 | (.52, 1.65) | .91 | (.51, 1.62) | |
Bachelor's degree or more | .76 | (.37, 1.55) | .70 | (.34, 1.44) | .71 | (.34, 1.46) | .70 | (.34, 1.46) | |
Frequency of driving | — | 1.02 | (1.00, 1.05) | 1.02 | (.99, 1.05) | 1.00 | (.97, 1.03) | 1.00 | (.97, 1.03) |
DSR | No DSR (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Any DSR | 1.74 | (1.06, 2.85) | 1.52 | (.80, 2.87) | 1.35 | (.68, 2.65) | 1.34 | (.70, 2.59) | |
DWI | No DWI (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Any DWI | — | — | 2.06 | (1.00, 4.25) | 1.74 | (.83, 3.68) | 1.65 | (.81, 3.40) | |
C-RDS | Lower risk driver (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Higher risk driver | — | — | — | — | 2.10 | (1.25, 3.55) | 1.86 | (1.14, 3.04) | |
Texting/calling while driving | Less frequently (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
More frequently | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.36 | (.86, 2.15) | |
χ2 | 85.77 | 85.56 | 120.64 | 150.28 | |||||
df | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
- Street racing.in: Problem-Specific Guides Series Guide No. 28. U.S. Department of Justice, Washington DC2004 (Available at)https://cops.usdoj.gov/html/cd_rom/solution_gang_crime/pubs/StreetRacing.pdfDate accessed: March 2, 2018
- Modeling motor vehicle crashes for street racers using zero-inflated models.Accid Anal Prev. 2008; 40: 835-839https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.022
- Street racing among the Ontario adult population: Prevalence and association with collision risk.Accid Anal Prev. 2017; 103: 85-91https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.021
- The road safety implications of illegal street racing and associated risky driving behaviours: An analysis of offences and offenders.Accid Anal Prev. 2011; 43: 1547-1554https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.010
- Racing with friends: Resistance to peer influence, gist and specific risk beliefs.Accid Anal Prev. 2016; 96: 180-184https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.08.014
- Street racing: A neglected research area?.Traffic Inj Prev. 2009; 10: 148-156https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580802641753
- Alcohol-induced blackouts as predictors of other drinking related harms among emerging young adults.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016; 40: 776-784https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13010
- Co-variability in three dimensions of teenage driving risk behavior: Impaired driving, risky and unsafe driving behavior, and secondary task engagement.Traffic Inj Prev. 2016; 17: 441-446https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2015.1107183
- Validity of the C-RDS self-reported risky driving measure.in: 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design. 2013 (Bolton Landing, NY; Available at)http://www.umtri.umich.edu/our-results/publications/validity-c-rds-self-reported-risky-driving-measureDate accessed: March 2, 2018
- Researching health inequalities in adolescents: The development of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) family affluence scale.Soc Sci Med. 2008; 66: 1429-1436https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.024
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Role of the Sponsor: As a matter of policy, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health requires a policy-relevant review of manuscripts based on intramural research, but the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication was solely the responsibility of the investigators/authors.
Identification
Copyright
ScienceDirect
Access this article on ScienceDirectLinked Article
- Agency, Adolescence, and Motor Vehicle Crash RiskJournal of Adolescent HealthVol. 62Issue 5
- PreviewMotor vehicle crashes (MVCs) remain a leading cause of death and disability for adolescents worldwide [1,2]. Population-level crash data indicate that age and experience interact to influence crash involvement; crash rates peak at licensure and are highest initially for the youngest drivers [3–5]. The most noticeable reductions occur during the initial 6–9 months of licensure [4,5]. Based on these patterns, research on young drivers has focused in two areas: developmental factors salient to adolescence and practical inexperience.
- Full-Text
- Preview