Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and
is etiologically associated with a subset of cancers of the anus, oropharynx, penis,
vagina, and vulva. Current data indicate that HPV infection is potentially associated
with 90%–93% of anal cancers, 12%–63% of oropharyngeal cancers, 36%–40% of penile
cancers, 40%–64% of vaginal cancers, and 40%–51% of vulvar cancers. HPV infection
accounts for up to 492,800 cervical cancers and 97,215 cases of noncervical HPV-related
cancers worldwide during 2002, including up to 50,780 cancers among men (13,485 anal
cancers, 26,775 oropharyngeal cancers, and 10,520 penile cancers) and up to 46,435
cancers among women (14,787 anal cancers, 6,048 oropharyngeal cancers, and 25,600
vaginal/vulvar cancers). In the United States annually (1998–2003), up to 10,846 cervical
cancers, 4,753 noncervical cancers among men, and 4,128 noncervical cancers among
women are potentially attributable to HPV infection. Incidence rates for cervical
cancer have declined significantly during the past 30 years in the United States,
consistent with the success of Pap smear screening. However, incidence rates for anal,
oropharyngeal, and vulvar cancers have increased substantially in recent years. The
high proportion of cervical and noncervical cancers caused by HPV types 16 and 18,
that is, 70%–76% for cervical cancers and 63%–95% for noncervical cancers, underscores
the potential for prevention of a majority of cervical as well as noncervical HPV-related
cancers through prophylactic HPV vaccination.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
January 21,
2010
Received:
November 22,
2009
Footnotes
Disclosure: This article appears in a supplement to the Journal of Adolescent Health sponsored by SciMed LLC and supported by an educational grant from Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Chaturvedi has no relevant conflicts to report and was not compensated for his work on this article.
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Copyright
© 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc.
