Abstract
The most common cause of mortality related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
is cervical cancer. However, male HPV infection is also an important concern, both
for the disease burden in men and for the risk of transmission to women. HPV is associated
with a variety of cancers in men, including anal cancer and a subset of penile and
oral cancers. The incidence of anal and oral cancers related to HPV is increasing
in the general population and is growing even faster among individuals who are immunocompromised
because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Penile HPV infection is very
common among heterosexual men and remains high throughout a wide range of ages. Likewise,
anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia are very common throughout a
wide range of ages in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive men who have sex with men.
Other HPV-related diseases of clinical importance in men include condylomata acuminata
(genital warts) and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine
has been shown to be highly efficacious in the prevention of genital warts in women
and precancerous lesions of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. In addition, recent interim
data have shown that the quadrivalent HPV vaccine is highly effective in reducing
external genital lesions in young men. Although the protective efficacy of HPV vaccination
in men has not yet been fully established—pending the outcome of public policy discussions
and cost-efficacy studies—there may be a strong rationale for vaccinating boys, similar
to girls, at an early age when they have had limited or no prior sexual activity.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
January 11,
2010
Received:
November 22,
2009
Footnotes
Disclosure: This article appears in a supplement to the Journal of Adolescent Health sponsored by SciMed LLC and supported by an educational grant from Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Palefsky receives grant/research support from Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Palefsky received an honorarium from the accredited provider, SciMed, for his work on this article.
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