Abstract
Purpose
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Keywords
- Chin H.
- Sipe T.
- Elder R.
- et al.
Methods
Data
National Center for Health Statistics. Public use data file documentation 2006-2010, user's guide [Online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nsfg/NSFG_2006-2010_UserGuide_MainText.pdf. Accessed December 10, 2010.
Measures
Analysis
Results
Sample characteristics
Characteristic | Females | Males | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2006–2010 (N = 2,284) | 2011–2013 (N = 1,037) | 2006–2010 (N = 2,378) | 2011–2013 (N = 1,088) | |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 59 | 53 | 60 | 53 |
Hispanic | 18 | 22 | 19 | 22 |
Non-Hispanic black | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 |
Other race | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 |
Age (years) | ||||
15–17 | 56 | 59 | 61 | 58 |
18–19 | 44 | 41 | 39 | 42 |
Residence | ||||
Central city | 31 | 31 | 31 | 29 |
Other metropolitan | 49 | 54 | 50 | 54 |
Nonmetropolitan | 19 | 15 | 19 | 17 |
Household Poverty | ||||
<200% | 57 | 65 | 50 | 58 |
≥200% | 43 | 35 | 50 | 43 |
Religiosity at Age 14 years | ||||
Often | 53 | 53 | 50 | 47 |
Sometimes | 31 | 30 | 33 | 36 |
Never | 16 | 17 | 17 | 16 |
Formal instruction
Trends by gender
Methods of birth control (BC) | Say no to sex | Say no to sex, no BC instruction | STDs | HIV/AIDS | Wait to have sex | Where to get BC | Condom use | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2006–2010 | 2011–2013 | 2006–2010 | 2011–2013 | 2006–2010 | 2011–2013 | 2006–2010 | 2011–2013 | 2006–2010 | 2011–2013 | 2011–2013 | 2011–2013 | 2011–2013 | |
Females | 70 | 60 | 89 | 82 | 22 | 28 | 94 | 90 | 89 | 86 | 76 | 53 | 50 |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
Non-Hispanic white (ref) | 71 | 57 | 91 | 82 | 23 | 29 | 94 | 91 | 89 | 86 | 79 | 51 | 46 |
Hispanic | 68 | 67 | 83 | 78 | 22 | 25 | 92 | 90 | 90 | 85 | 69 | 56 | 59 |
Non-Hispanic black | 68 | 69 | 89 | 88 | 24 | 23 | 92 | 93 | 89 | 88 | 83 | 61 | 63 |
Age, years | |||||||||||||
15–17 (Ref) | 64 | 53 | 88 | 84 | 27 | 36 | 93 | 90 | 88 | 86 | 79 | 48 | 44 |
18–19 | 78 | 72 | 89 | 80 | 16 | 18 | 95 | 90 | 90 | 85 | 73 | 60 | 60 |
Religious attendance | |||||||||||||
Often (ref) | 70 | 57 | 91 | 85 | 25 | 33 | 94 | 90 | 89 | 86 | 82 | 49 | 49 |
Sometimes | 70 | 62 | 87 | 81 | 21 | 26 | 95 | 93 | 91 | 87 | 72 | 59 | 51 |
Never | 74 | 67 | 85 | 75 | 16 | 19 | 92 | 88 | 88 | 82 | 68 | 56 | 53 |
Household poverty | |||||||||||||
<200% Poverty (ref) | 67 | 60 | 87 | 80 | 23 | 27 | 92 | 88 | 88 | 84 | 75 | 50 | 50 |
≥200% | 75 | 62 | 91 | 87 | 21 | 30 | 96 | 94 | 91 | 88 | 79 | 58 | 52 |
Residence | |||||||||||||
Central city (ref) | 70 | 70 | 89 | 86 | 23 | 24 | 93 | 91 | 88 | 89 | 74 | 64 | 65 |
Other metropolitan | 71 | 59 | 87 | 82 | 21 | 29 | 93 | 93 | 89 | 87 | 79 | 49 | 47 |
Nonmetropolitan | 71 | 48 | 92 | 78 | 23 | 35 | 96 | 81 | 91 | 75 | 70 | 44 | 33 |
Males | 61 | 55 | 82 | 84 | 29 | 35 | 92 | 91 | 88 | 86 | 73 | 38 | 58 |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
Non-Hispanic white (ref) | 62 | 57 | 85 | 87 | 30 | 34 | 92 | 91 | 88 | 86 | 75 | 35 | 54 |
Hispanic | 59 | 55 | 77 | 77 | 27 | 32 | 91 | 94 | 87 | 88 | 64 | 43 | 64 |
Non-Hispanic black | 53 | 46 | 79 | 79 | 34 | 41 | 90 | 90 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 39 | 61 |
Age, years | |||||||||||||
15–17 (Ref) | 57 | 50 | 84 | 82 | 33 | 38 | 91 | 91 | 88 | 85 | 72 | 33 | 55 |
18–19 | 67 | 62 | 80 | 86 | 23 | 30 | 92 | 91 | 88 | 88 | 76 | 45 | 62 |
Religious attendance | |||||||||||||
Often (ref) | 58 | 50 | 84 | 83 | 32 | 38 | 91 | 99 | 86 | 83 | 79 | 34 | 54 |
Sometimes | 64 | 59 | 83 | 84 | 28 | 33 | 93 | 96 | 91 | 91 | 68 | 40 | 63 |
Never | 62 | 60 | 76 | 83 | 25 | 28 | 92 | 91 | 86 | 87 | 70 | 43 | 57 |
Household poverty | |||||||||||||
<200% Poverty (ref) | 55 | 51 | 80 | 81 | 32 | 36 | 89 | 89 | 85 | 83 | 74 | 34 | 58 |
≥200% | 66 | 60 | 85 | 87 | 26 | 33 | 94 | 94 | 90 | 90 | 73 | 42 | 58 |
Residence | |||||||||||||
Central city (ref) | 60 | 58 | 77 | 82 | 28 | 31 | 89 | 92 | 86 | 90 | 70 | 45 | 66 |
Other metropolitan | 62 | 56 | 84 | 87 | 29 | 36 | 92 | 93 | 88 | 88 | 77 | 37 | 56 |
Nonmetropolitan | 59 | 45∗ | 86 | 77 | 32 | 37 | 95 | 83 | 91 | 76 | 67 | 27 | 51 |
Trends by other demographics
New measures
Timing of formal instruction
Topic of formal instruction | Females | Males | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2006–2010 | 2011–2013 | 2006–2010 | 2011–2013 | |
Say no to sex | 78 | 70 | 69 | 68 |
Methods of birth control | 62 | 57 | 52 | 43 |
STDs | 78 | 78 | 80 | 76 |
HIV/AIDS | 74 | 74 | 77 | 73 |
Wait to have sex | NA | 68 | NA | 62 |
Where to get birth control | NA | 46 | NA | 31 |
How to use condoms | NA | 47 | NA | 54 |
Parents
Say no | Methods of BC | Where to get BC | STDs | HIV | How to use a condom | None | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Females | 63 | 52 | 40 | 58 | 47 | 36 | 22 |
Non-Hispanic white (ref) | 63 | 55 | 45 | 55 | 44 | 33 | 24 |
Hispanic | 65 | 52 | 40 | 67 | 52 | 46 | 18 |
Non-Hispanic black | 66 | 50 | 37 | 66 | 57 | 45 | 17 |
Males | 43 | 31 | 22 | 49 | 40 | 45 | 30 |
Non-Hispanic white (ref) | 48 | 36 | 25 | 50 | 36 | 43 | 30 |
Hispanic | 35 | 30 | 19 | 55 | 47 | 50 | 25 |
Non-Hispanic black | 48 | 30 | 25 | 56 | 50 | 58 | 19 |
Combined sources of information

Discussion
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Results from the School Health Policies and Practices study 2014 [Online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/shpps/pdf/shpps-508-final_101315.pdf. Accessed October 14, 2015.
Office of Adolescent Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. HHS Office of Adolescent Health's Teen Pregnancy Prevention [Online]. Available at: http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/oah-initiatives/teen_pregnancy/about/Assets/tpp-overview-brochure.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2015.
Family and Youth Services Bureau, Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program. Personal Responsibility Education Program. Available at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fysb/prep_congressional_pm_brief_20150626.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2015.
SIECUS. 2015 Congressional Sex Ed Wrap Up [Online]. Available at: http://www.siecus.org. Accessed February 1, 2016.
Guttmacher Institute. State policies in brief as of December 1, 2015: Sex and HIV Education [Online]. Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/statecenter/spibs/spib_SE.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health. Trends in the Prevalence of Sexual Behaviors and HIV Testing, National YRBS: 1991—2013 [Online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trends/us_sexual_trend_yrbs.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Results from the School Health Policies and Practices study 2014 [Online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/shpps/pdf/shpps-508-final_101315.pdf. Accessed October 14, 2015.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Centers for Disease Control. Results from the School Health Policies and Practices Study, 2012 [Online]. Available at: http http://www.grants.gov/view-opportunity.html?oppId=271309. Accessed July 1, 2015.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. STDs in racial and ethnic minorities [Online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/minorities.htm. Accessed July 1, 2015.
- Chin H.
- Sipe T.
- Elder R.
- et al.
Future of Sex Education Initiative. National Sexuality Education Standards: Core content and skills, K-12 [Online]. Available at: http://www.futureofsexed.org/documents/josh-fose-standards-web.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2015.
Limitations
Acknowledgments
Funding Sources
References
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- The State of Sex Education in the United StatesJournal of Adolescent HealthVol. 58Issue 6
- PreviewFor more than four decades, sex education has been a critically important but contentious public health and policy issue in the United States [1–5]. Rising concern about nonmarital adolescent pregnancy beginning in the 1960s and the pandemic of HIV/AIDS after 1981 shaped the need for and acceptance of formal instruction for adolescents on life-saving topics such as contraception, condoms, and sexually transmitted infections. With widespread implementation of school and community-based programs in the late 1980s and early 1990s, adolescents' receipt of sex education improved greatly between 1988 and 1995 [6].
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