Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 45, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S18-S29 , September 2009

Interactive Food and Beverage Marketing: Targeting Adolescents in the Digital Age

  • Kathryn C. Montgomery, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • School of Communication, American University, Washington, D.C.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Kathryn Montgomery, Ph.D., School of Communication, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016.
    • ,
  • Jeff Chester, M.S.W.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Digital Democracy, Washington, D.C.

Received 17 December 2008 ,Accepted 14 April 2009.

References 

  1. Lenhart A, Madden M, Macgill AR, et al. Teens and Social Media. Pew Internet & American Life Project. December 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/230/report_display.asp. Accessed October 15, 2008.
  2. Arrington M. Facebook no longer the second largest social network. TechCrunch. June 12, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/06/12/facebook-no-longer-the-second-largest-social-network/. Accessed October 15, 2008.
  3. Fortt J. Nielsen: Facebook growth outpaces MySpace. CNNMoney.com. November 15, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://bigtech.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2007/11/15/nielsen-facebook-growth-outpaces-myspace/. Accessed October 15, 2008.
  4. Williamson DA. Kids and Teens: Communications Revolutionaries. New York, eMarketer, 2008. [Online]. Available at: http://www.emarketer.com/Report.aspx?code=emarketer_2000539. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  5. Montgomery KC. Generation Digital: Politics, Commerce, and Childhood in the Age of the Internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2007;
  6. Brown R, Washton R. The teens market in the U.S. PackagedFacts.com. June 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.packagedfacts.com/Teens-1493744/. Accessed October 15, 2008.
  7. OTX. Teens would rather have their lockers vandalized than homepage, but prefer shopping in store to online: New research from OTX and Intelligence Group looks at teens' online behavior. June 18, 2008 [Online]. Available at www.otxresearch.com/documents/PressReleases/2008/06-18-08_Teens_and_Internet.pdf. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  8. Chester J, Montgomery KC. Interactive Food & Beverage Marketing: Targeting Children and Youth in the Digital Age. Berkeley Media Studies Group. May 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.digitalads.org/documents/digiMarketingFull.pdf. Accessed October 15, 2008.
  9. Institute of Medicine . Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity?. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2005;
  10. The National Academies. Food marketing aimed at kids influences poor nutritional choices, IOM study finds; broad effort needed to promote healthier products and diets. December 6, 2005 [Online]. Available at: http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=11514. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  11. Alvy LM, Calvert SL. Food marketing on popular children's web sites: A content analysis. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108:710–713
  12. Chester J, Montgomery KC. Interactive Food & Beverage Marketing: Targeting Children and Youth in the Digital Age. An Update. Berkeley Media Studies Group. July 21–22, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://digitalads.org/documents/NPLAN_digital_mktg_memo.pdf. Accessed October 15, 2008.
  13. Moore ES. It's Child's Play: Advergaming and the Online Marketing of Food to Children. 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/7536.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  14. Weber K, Story M, Harnack L. Internet food marketing strategies aimed at children and adolescents: A content analysis of food and beverage brand web sites. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106:1463–1466
  15. Fielder A, Gardner W, Nairn A, and Pitt J. Fair game? Assessing commercial activity on children's favourite Web sites and online environments [Online]. Available at: http://childnet.com/downloads/fair-game-final.pdf. Accessed March 28, 2009.
  16. National Consumer Council of the United Kingdom. Research and Policy: Children as Consumers [Online]. Available at: http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080804145057/http://www.ncc.org.uk/research_policy/childcons. Accessed March 28, 2009.
  17. Moore ES, Rideout VJ. The online marketing of food to children: Is it just fun and games?. J Public Policy Marketing. 2007;26:202–220
  18. Calvert SL. Children as consumers: Advertising and marketing. The Future of Children. 2008;18:205–234
  19. Linn S, Novosat CL. Calories for sale: Food marketing to children in the twenty-first century. Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci. 2008;615:133–155
  20. Strasburger VC, Jordan AB, Wilson BJ. Children, Adolescents, and the Media. 2nd edition. Los Angeles: Sage; 2009;
  21. Story M, French S. Food advertising and marketing directed at children and adolescents in the U.S. Intl J Behav Nutr Phys Activity. 2004;1:1–3
  22. MIT Press. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur foundation series on digital media and learning [Online]. Available at: http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/browse/browse.asp?btype=6&serid=170. Accessed April 29, 2009.
  23. Building the Field of Digital Media and Learning [Online]. Available at: http://digitallearning.macfound.org/site/c.enJLKQNlFiG/b.2029199/k.94AC/Latest_News.htm. Accessed March 25, 2009.
  24. Singer JG. Marketing ecosystems: Framing brand management for business ecosystems. Blue Spoon Consulting Group. 2005 [Online]. Available at: http://www.crm2day.com/library/50216.php. Accessed October 15, 2008.
  25. Interactive Advertising Bureau. Leading media companies expand roles and capabilities, meeting marketers' ever-growing digital needs, says joint IAB/BoozAllen Hamilton study. February 25, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.iab.net/about_the_iab/recent_press_releases/press_release_archive/press_release/195129. Accessed October 20, 2008.
  26. OneUpWeb. Mobile search and its implications for search engine marketing [Online]. Available at: http://www.sempo.org/learning_center/research/industry/mobilesearch.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2007.
  27. Williamson DA. Tweens and teens online: From Mario to MySpace. eMarketer October 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.emarketer.com/Reports/All/Em_tweens_oct06.aspx?src=report_more_info_reports. Accessed April 1, 2007.
  28. Coalition for Healthy Children [Online]. Available at: http://healthychildren.adcouncil.org/about.asp. Accessed Mar 29, 2009.
  29. Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative [Online]. Available at: http://www.bbb.org/alerts/article.asp?ID=728. Accessed 29 Mar. 2009.
  30. 100 national leading advertisers. Advertising Age [Online]. Available at: http://adage.com/datacenter/. Accessed 29 Mar. 2009.
  31. Harter S. Processes underlying the construction, maintenance and enhancement of the self-concept in children. Psychol Perspect Self. 1990;3:45–78
  32. Uhlendorff U. The concept of developmental tasks. Social Work & Society. 2004;2:54–63
  33. Hill J. Early adolescence: A framework. J Early Adolesc. 1983;3:1–21
  34. Subrahmanyam K, Greenfield P. Online communication and adolescent relationships. The Future of Children, Children and the Electronic Media. 2008;18:119–146
  35. In:  Calvert SL,  Jordan AB,  Cocking RR editor. Children in the Digital Age: Influences of Electronic Media on Development. Westport, CT: Praeger; 2002;p. 57–70
  36. Chandler D, Roberts-Young D. The Construction of Identity in thePersonal Homepages of Adolescents. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1998 [Online]. Available at: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/strasbourg.html. Accessed October 3, 2008.
  37. Gross EF, Juvonen J, Gable SL. Internet use and wellbeing in adolescence. J Soc Issues. 2002;58:75–91
  38. Jackson LA. Adolescents and the Internet. In:  Jamieson PE,  Romer D editor. The Changing Portrayal of Adolescents in the Media since 1950. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008;p. 377–411
  39. Subrahmanyam K, Greenfield PK, Tynes B. Constructing sexuality and identity in an online teen chat room. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2004;25:651–666
  40. Thurlow C, McKay S. Profiling “new communication” technologies in adolescence. J Lang Soc Psychol. March 2003;22:94–104
  41. Valentine G, Holloway SL. Cyberkids? Exploring children's identities and social networks in on-line and off-line worlds. Ann Assoc Am Geographers. 2002;92:302–320
  42. Harris Interactive and Teenage Research Unlimited. Born to be Wired: The Role of New Media for a Digital Generation. Yahoo!/Carat Interactive, July 2003 [Online]. Available at: http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/promo/btbw_2003/btbw_execsum.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  43. Knight A. Capturing the digital natives: The News Corporation agenda. eJournalism 2006;6:1–18. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ejournalism.au.com/ejournalist/knight2521.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  44. Boyd D. Why youth [heart] social networks. In:  Buckingham D editors. Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2007;p. 119–142
  45. Beer D. Social network(ing) sites...revisiting the story so far: A response to Danah Boyd & Nicole Ellison. J Comput-Mediat Commun. 2008;13:516–529
  46. Brake D. Shaping the “me” in MySpace: The framing of profiles on a social network site. In:  Lundby K editors. Digital Storytelling, Mediatized Stories: Self-Representations in New Media. New York: Peter Lang; 2008;
  47. Fono D and Raynes-Goldie K. (2006) Hyperfriends and beyond: Friendship and social norms on LiveJournal. Internet Res Annu 2006;4:91-103 [Online]. Available at: http://k4t3.org/publications/hyperfriendship.pdf. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  48. “My generation” to ‘my media generation:’ Yahoo! and OMD Global study finds youth love personalized media. September 27, 2005 [Online]. Available at: http://yhoo.client.shareholder.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=174993. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  49. New global study from MTV, Nickelodeon and Microsoft challenges assumptions about relationship. July 24, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://sev.prnewswire.com/multimedia-online-internet/20070724/NYTU10924072007-1.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  50. Uyenco B. Presentation to the Advertising Research Foundation Emerging Media and Youth Councils. January 31, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://s3.amazonaws.com/thearf-org-aux-assets/downloads/cnc/emerging-media/2008-01-31_ARF_EM_YM_BUyenco.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  51. Jana R. Mining virtual worlds for market research. BusinessWeek, August 13, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/aug2007/id20070813_140822.htm. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  52. Kuusikko E, ed. Global Habbo Youth Survey 2008. Helsinki, Finland: Sulake Corporation, 2008.
  53. Anderson J. Multicultural clicks in. iMedia Connection. July 25, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/10534.asp. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  54. Korzenny F, Korzenny BA, McGavock H, et al. The Multicultural Marketing Equation: Media, Attitudes, Brands, and Spending. Center for Hispanic Marketing Communication, Florida State University. 2006:6 [Online]. Available at: http://hmc.comm.fsu.edu/FSUAOLDMSMultiMktg.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  55. The Advertising Research Foundation. Multicultural Advertising Council [Online]. Available at: http://www.thearf.org/assets/multicultural-council. Accessed October 3, 2008.
  56. Chester J. Digital Destiny: New Media and the Future of Democracy. New York: New Press; 2007;
  57. Interactive Advertising Bureau. Platform status reports [Online]. Available at: http://www.iab.net/iab_products_and_industry_services/508676/1488. Accessed October 20, 2008.
  58. Microsoft. About Microsoft adCenter Labs [Online]. Available at: http://adlab.msn.com/About-Us.aspx. Accessed October 20, 2008.
  59. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) special interest group on “Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining” (SIGKDD) [Online]. Available at: http://www.kdd2008.com/index.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  60. Advertising Research Foundation. Council on Youth Advertising [Online]. Available at: http://www.thearf.org/councils/youth.html. Accessed March 27, 2007.
  61. Walsh M. Study: Mobile teens almost tapped out. Online Media Daily. July 1, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=85796. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  62. BlackAmericaStudy.com. Fact sheets [Online]. Available at: http://www.blackamericastudy.com/fact-sheets/. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  63. Yahoo! Inc. Yahoo! Messenger—IMVironments: Food and drink [Online]. Available at: http://messenger.yahoo.com/imv.php;_ylt=AhP4H.Kjy3g_DYV38XSyiIRqMMIF?cat=Food%20and%20Drink Accessed October 2, 2008.
  64. Center for Digital Democracy and U.S. PIRG. Complaint and Request for Inquiry and Injunctive Relief Concerning Unfair and Deceptive Mobile Marketing Practices. Federal Trade Commission Filing. January 13, 2009 [Online]. Available at: http://www.democraticmedia.org/current_projects/privacy/analysis/mobile_marketing. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  65. Center for Digital Democracy and U.S. PIRG. Complaint and Request for Inquiry and Injunctive Relief Concerning Unfair and Deceptive Online Marketing Practices. Federal Trade Commission Filing. November 1, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.democraticmedia.org/files/pdf/FTCadprivacy.pdf. Accessed March 26, 2009.
  66. Yahoo! and OMD. Truly, madly, deeply engaged: Global youth, media and technology. 2005 [Online]. Available at: http://www.iabaustralia.com.au/Truly_Madly_Final_booklet.pdf. Accessed March 27, 2007.
  67. Brown J. Teenage room culture: Where media and identities intersect. Commun Res. 1994;21:813–827
  68. Steele J, Brown J. Adolescent room culture: Studying media in the context of everyday life. J Youth Adolesc. 1995;24:551–576
  69. Arnett JJ, Larson RM, Offer D. Beyond effects: Adolescents as active media users. J Youth Adolesc. 1995;24:511–518
  70. Larson R. Secrets in the bedroom: Adolescents' private use of media. J Youth Adolescence. 1995;24:535–551
  71. Marcus H, Nurius P. Possible selves. Am Psychol. 1986;41:954–969
  72. Stern S. Producing sites: Exploring identities: Youth online authorship. In:  Buckingham D editors. Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2007;p. 99–117
  73. Palfrey J, Gasser U. Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books; 2008;
  74. Hallerman D. Behavioral Targeting: Marketing Trends. New York: eMarkerter; 2008;
  75. Khan I, Weishaar B, Polinsky L, et al. Nothing but Net: 2008 Internet Investment Guide. New York, JP Morgan, 2008 [Online]. Available at: https://mm.jpmorgan.com/stp/t/c.do?i=2082C-248&u=a_p∗d_170762.pdf∗h_-3ohpnmv. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  76. ContentNext Media. Social Media Deals Report: A Special Report from ContentNext Media from Q1 ‘07 through Q1 ’08. Santa Monica, CA: ContentNext Media, 2008.
  77. Dignan L. Facebook launches its ad platform; Coca-Cola as friend? ZD Net, November 6, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=6910. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  78. Interactive Advertising Bureau. User-generated content, social media, and advertising: an overview. 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.iab.net/media/file/2008_ugc_platform.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  79. Fox Interactive Media . MySpace Targeting Capabilities: Reaching the Right Consumer in a 2.0 World. Media kit. February 2008;
  80. Bulik BS. How MySpace is like word-of-mouth marketing on steroids: Marketing VP Shawn Gold explains the brand value behind consumer empowerment. Ad Age Digital. June 5, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://content1.clipmarks.com/content/AD5B0EE8-8F84-44CB-B786-541AFF398BA5/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  81. Anfuso D. Pepsi's John Vail. iMedia Connection. September 1, 2005 [Online]. Available at: http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/6631.asp. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  82. Zabin J. Cracking the code on next-generation code promotions. Chief Marketer. September 26, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://chiefmarketer.com/disciplines/promotions/code_promotions_09152006/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  83. Lindstrom . M and individual contributors. BRANDchild. London: Kogan Page; 2003;
  84. Hughes M. Buzzmarketing: Get People to Talk About Your Stuff. New York: Portfolio; 2005;
  85. Buzz Marketing. [Online]. Available at: http://www.buzzmarketing.com/index.htmlAccessed March 29, 2007
  86. Rosen E. The Anatomy of Buzz: How to Create Word of Mouth Marketing. New York: Doubleday; 2000;
  87. Elkin T. Study: Some 13–34s show high brand loyalty. Online Media Daily. September 26, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://publications.mediapost.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=Articles.san&s=48721&Nid=23744&p=328566. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  88. Xtract Social intelligence. [Online]. Available at: http://xtract.nordkapp.fi/social-intelligence/Accessed March 26, 2009
  89. Bishop T. Microsoft group aims to expand ads beyond search. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. May 20, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/363764_msftads20.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  90. Riley D. MySpace to announce self-serve hyper targeted advertising network. TechCrunch. November 4, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/11/04/myspace-to-announce-self-serve-advertising-network/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  91. Inside Facebook . Facebook Marketing Bible: The Guide to Marketing Your Brand, Company, Product, or Service Inside Facebook. [Online]. Available at: http://www.insidefacebook.com/facebook-marketing-bible/Accessed March 26, 2009
  92. Iskold A. Social graph: Concepts and issues. ReadWriteWeb. September 12, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/social_graph_concepts_and_issues.php. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  93. Facebook . Business solutions. [Online]. Available at: http://www.facebook.com/business/Accessed October 2, 2008
  94. Facebook. Facebook ads launches with 12 landmark partners. November 6, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.facebook.com/press/releases.php?p=9171. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  95. Swartz J. Social-networking sites work to turn users into profits. USA Today. May 12, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.usatoday.com/tech/techinvestor/industry/2008-05-11-social-networking_N.htm. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  96. Clearspring. WidgetMedia—Advertise [Online]. Available at: http://www.clearspring.com/services/widgetmedia/advertise. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  97. Clearspring. WidgetMedia—Target [Online]. Available at: http://www.clearspring.com/services/widgetmedia/target. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  98. Clearspring. WidgetMedia—Track [Online]. Available at: http://www.clearspring.com/services/widgetmedia/track. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  99. Anderson D. Snickers and Mr T widget. Widgets Lab. March 17, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.widgetslab.com/2008/03/17/snickers-and-mr-t-widget/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  100. Papa John's International. myPapa widgets [Online]. Available at: http://www.papajohns.com/widgets/faqs.htm. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  101. YouTube. YouTube advertisers now targeting about-to-go-viral videos. May 13, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=l4x8umycLHk. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  102. Fogg, BJ. Mass interpersonal persuasion: An early view of a new phenomenon [Online]. Available at: https://www.iterasi.net/public/archive/LIZkSfUu_0uGn-M6q3313A. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  103. Namiranian L. Teenagers and brand engagement in emerging markets. [Online]. Available at: Decision Analyst. 2006;http://www.decisionanalyst.com/Downloads/TeenagerWebUse.pdfAccessed March 23, 2009
  104. Marek M. Engagement—the new metric for media research or just another buzz word? Market Research Portal. [Online]. Available at: http://www.marketresearchworld.net/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=680&Itemid. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  105. Advertising Research Foundation. MI4 Engagement Validation Research Agenda. Council on Experiential Marketing. May 18, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.thearf.org/downloads/councils/experiential/2006-05-18_ARF_EXP_diforio.pdf. Accessed August 2, 2008.
  106. ARF Council on Experiential Marketing [Online]. Available at: http://www.thearf.org/councils/experiential.html. Accessed August 2, 2008.
  107. Nail J. The 4 types of engagement. iMedia Connection. October 13, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/11633.asp. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  108. McNeal J. Children as Consumers: Insights and Implications. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; 1986;
  109. McNeal J. Kids as Customers: A Handbook of Marketing to Children. New York: Lexington Books; 1992;
  110. McNeal J. The Kid's Market: Myths and Realities. Ithaca, NY: Paramount Market; 1999;
  111. Schor JB. Born To Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture. New York: Scribner; 2004;
  112. Linn S. Consuming Kids: The Hostile Takeover of Childhood. New York: New Press; 2004;
  113. Heath R. How do we predict advertising attention and engagement? University of Bath School of Management Working Paper Series. September 2007 [Online]. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/opus/bitstream/10247/286/1/2007-09.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  114. Advertising Research Foundation. Defining engagement initiative [Online]. Available at: http://www.thearf.org/assets/research-arf-initiatives-defining-engagement. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  115. ARF Engagement Council. 19 Feb. 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.thearf.org/assets/news-2008-02-19. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  116. Marich R. Measuring engagement: Audience metric exerts increasing influence on ad spending. Broadcasting & Cable. April 26, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.broadcastingcable.com/index.asp?layout=article&articleid=CA6555280&desc=topstory. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  117. Wilson RM, Gaines J, Hill RP. Neuromarketing and consumer free will. J Consumer Aff. 2008;42:389–410
  118. Plassman H, Ambler T, Braeutigam S, et al. What can advertisers learn from neuroscience?. Intl J Advertising. 2007;26:151–175
  119. Knutson B, Rick S, Wimmer GE, et al. Neural predictors of purchases. Neuron. 2007;53:147–156
  120. Dagher A. Shopping centers in the brain. Neuron. 2007;53:7–8
  121. Dooley R. Brain scans predict buying behavior. Futurelab. January 5, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://blog.futurelab.net/2007/01/brain_scans_predict_buying_beh.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  122. WMG Innovative Solutions. Professor Gemma Calvert [Online]. Available at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/wmg/about/people/profiles/gcalvert/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  123. Eakin E. Penetrating the mind by metaphor. New York Times. February 23, 2002 [Online]. Available at: w3.randr.co.kr/fileDown.asp?fn=9%20Penetrating%20the%20Mind%20by%20Metaphor_1.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  124. GaMeasure [Online]. Available at: http://www.gameasure.com/. Accessed March 29, 2007.
  125. Interactive Advertising Bureau. Marketer & agency guide to online game advertising [Online]. Available at: http://www.iab.net/resources/admin/downloads/IAB%20Guide%20to%20Online%20Game%20Advertising.pdf. Accessed March 29, 2007.
  126. Gaudiosi J. Google gets in-game with Adscape. The Hollywood Reporter. March 20, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/business/news/e3i898ca0de1754206ae43bdbc6ee2d9ffd. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  127. Shields M. In-game ads could reach $2 Bil. Adweek. April 12, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.adweek.com/aw/national/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002343563. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  128. Bourdeau A. The kids are online. Strategy. May 2005 [Online]. Available at: http://www.strategymag.com/articles/magazine/20050501/online.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  129. Virtual Hills and Laguna Beach [Online]. Available at: http://www.vlb.mtv.com/. Accessed March 31, 2007.
  130. Siklos R. Not in the real world anymore. New York Times. September 8, 2006.
  131. DoubleClick. DoubleClick rich media and video [Online]. Available at: http://www.doubleclick.com/products/richmedia/index.aspx. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  132. Meez. Advertise with us [Online]. Available at: http://www.meez.com/help.dm?sect=8. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  133. Studiocom. Immersive online experiences [Online]. Available at: http://www.studiocom.com/godeep/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  134. Book B. Advertising & branding models in social virtual worlds. Presentation to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. February 19, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.virtualworldsreview.com/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  135. Studiocom [Online]. Available at: http://www.studiocom.com/public/site/home.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  136. The Coca-Cola Company. MyCoke.com [Online]. Available at: http://www.mycoke.com/home.html?tunnel=cokestudios&section=16. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  137. Coke in the community. Brand Strategy. February 5, 2007.
  138. Harkin J. Get a (second) life. FT.com. November 17, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/cf9b81c2-753a-11db-aea1-0000779e2340.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  139. Yes logo. New World Notes. April 6, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://nwn.blogs.com/nwn/2006/04/yes_logo.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  140. Second Life: Coke machine. Brands in Games. February 15, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.vedrashko.com/advertising/2006/02/second-life-coke-machine.html. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  141. Interactive Advertising Bureau. IAB platform status report: User generated content, social media, and advertising—an overview. April 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/2594916/UGC-Social-Media-and-Advertising-an-overview-IAB-Platform-2008. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  142. Lenhart A. User-Generated Content. Pew Internet and American Life Project. November 6, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/presentation_display.asp?r=76. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  143. Frito-Lay North America. Doritos surprises Super Bowl television audience airing two consumer-created commercials; “Live the Flavor” and “Check Out Girl.” February 4, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.fritolay.com/fl/flstore/cgi-bin/ProdDetEv_Cat_304_NavRoot_303_ProdID_544013.htm. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  144. Frito-Lay North America. Doritos presents crash the Super Bowl [Online]. Available at: http://crashthesuperbowl.com/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  145. JumpCut's contest page [Online]. Available at: http://www.jumpcut.com/groups/detail?g_id=11752B7457BE11DB90D6961586523BC9. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  146. PepsiCo. Doritos reveals final five consumer-created commercials competing to air during Super Bowl XLI. January 5, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=78265&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=947181&highlight=. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  147. Yahoo! Inc. Doritos asked ordinary people to help them make a commercial for the big game. What happened was extraordinary. 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://promotions.yahoo.com/doritos/jumpcut/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  148. Pizza Hut. America's favorite pizza fan contest [Online]. Available at: http://www.pizzahut.com/vpofpizza/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  149. Pizza Hut. Updated: Pizza Hut announces search for honorary VP of pizza. Pegasus News Wire. February 21, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://www.pegasusnews.com/news/2007/feb/21/pizza-hut-announces-search-honorary-vp-pizza/. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  150. Nail J. Dispatch from the ARF engagement metrics panel influence 2.0. March 22, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://blog.cymfony.com/2006/03/dispatch_from_t.html. Accessed March 29, 2007.
  151. TNS Media Intelligence/Cymfony. Market influence analytics [Online]. Available at: http://www.cymfony.com/sol_serv.asp. Accessed March 29, 2007.
  152. Piper Jaffray Investment Research. The User Revolution: The New Advertising Ecosystem and the Rise of the Internet as a Mass Medium. February 2007:223 [Online]. Available at: www.scribd.com/doc/7507215/The-User-Revolution-Piper-Jaffray-200702. Accessed October 1, 2008.
  153. Federal Trade Commission. Marketing Food to Children and Adolescents—A Review of Industry Expenditures, Activities, and Self-Regulation. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2008;
  154. Marketer trees 2008. Advertising Age. December 29, 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://adage.com/marketertrees08update/#45. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  155. Nielsen AdRelevance. Data glance: Leading CPG advertisers. March 9–15, 2009 [Online]. Available at: http://www.adrelevance.com/intelligence/intel_dataglance.jsp?flash=true&sr=36810. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  156. Personalized candies feature custom photos and messages. Food Processing.com [Online]. Available at: http://www.foodprocessing.com/vendors/products/2008/138.html. Accessed March 23, 2009.
  157. Mallinckrodt V, Mizerski D. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. J Advertising. 2007;36:87–100
  158. Kunkel D. The role of research in the regulation of children's television advertising. Knowledge Creation Diffusion Utilization. 1990;12:101–119
  159. John DR. Consumer socialization of children: A retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. J Consum Res. 1999;26:183–213
  160. John DR. Through the eyes of a child: Children's knowledge and understanding of advertising. In:  Macklin MC,  Carlson L editor. Advertising to Children: Concepts and Controversies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1999;p. 3–26
  161. Kunkel D, Wilcox BL, Cantor J, et al. Report of the APA Task Force on Advertising and Children. February 20, 2004 [Online]. Available at: http://www.apa.org/releases/childrenads.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  162. Valkenburg PM. Media and youth consumerism. J Adolesc Health. 2000;27:52–56
  163. Young BM. Television Advertising and Children. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990;
  164. Wright P, Friestad M, Boush DM. The development of marketplace persuasion knowledge in children, adolescents, and young adults. J Public Policy Marketing. 2005;24:222–223
  165. Kunkel D. Children and television advertising. In:  Singer DG,  Singer JL editor. Handbook of Children and the Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2001;p. 375–393
  166. Kunkel D. Kids media policy goes digital: Current developments in children's television regulation. In:  Bryant JA,  Bryant J editor. The Children's Television Community: Institutional, Critical, Social Systems, and Network Analyses. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2006;p. 203–228
  167. Children's Advertising Review Unit. Self-regulatory program for children's advertising. Council of Better Business Bureaus, 2006 [Online]. Available at: http://www.caru.org/guidelines/guidelines.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  168. Montgomery KC. Creating a media policy agenda for the digital generation. In: Schejter AM, ed. …and Communications for All: A Policy Agenda for the New Administration. Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2008:281–300.
  169. Pechmann C, Levine L, Loughlin S, et al. Impulsive and self-conscious: Adolescents' vulnerability to advertising and promotion. J Public Policy Marketing. 2005;24:202–221
  170. Nairn A, Fine C. Who's messing with my mind? The implications of dual-process models for the ethics of advertising to children. Int J Advertising. 2008;27:447–470
  171. Friestad M, Wright P. The next generation: Research for twenty-first-century public policy on children and advertising. J Public Policy Marketing. 2005;183–185
  172. Department for Children, Schools and Families, and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Safer Children in a Digital World: The Report of the Byron Review. 2008 [Online]. Available at: http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/byronreview/pdfs/Final%20Report%20Bookmarked.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2008.
  173. Giedd JN. The teen brain: Insights from neuroimaging. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42:335–343
  174. McAnarney ER. Adolescent brain development: Forging new links?. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42:321–323
  175. Steinberg L. A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Dev Rev. 2008;28:78–106
  176. Steinberg L. Risk taking in adolescence: New perspectives from brain and behavioral science. Curr Dir Psycho Sci. 2007;16:55–59
  177. McCreanor T, Barnes HM, Gregory M, et al. Consuming identities: Alcohol marketing and the commodification of youth experience. Addict Res Theory. 2005;13:579–590
  178. Collins RL, Ellickson PL, McCaffrey D, et al. Early adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising and its relationship to underage drinking. J Adolesc Health. 2007;40:527–534
  179. Livingstone S, Helsper EJ. Does advertising literacy mediate the effects of advertising on children? A critical examination of two linked research literatures in relation to obesity and food choice. J Communication. 2006;56:560–584
  180. Teinowitz I. FTC could set standards for food marketing aimed at teens. Advertising Age, March 11, 2009 [Online]. Available at: http://www.commercialalert.org/news/archive/2009/03/ftc-could-set-standards-for-food-marketing-aimed-at-teens. Accessed March 26, 2009.

PII: S1054-139X(09)00149-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.04.006

Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 45, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S18-S29 , September 2009

Article Tools