Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 45, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S30-S37 , September 2009

Impact of School District Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Policies on Student Beverage Exposure and Consumption in Middle Schools

  • Donna B. Johnson, Ph.D., R.D.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Donna B. Johnson, Ph.D., R.D., Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3410.
    • ,
  • Barbara Bruemmer, Ph.D., R.D.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • Anne E. Lund, M.P.H., R.D.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • Carina C. Evens, M.S., M.P.H., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • Corinne M. Mar, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Received 13 November 2008 ,Accepted 18 March 2009.

References 

  1. Wang YC, Bleich SN, Gortmaker SL. Increasing caloric contribution from sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices among US children and adolescents, 1988–2004. Pediatrics. 2008;121:1604–1614
  2. Vartanian LR, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2007;97:667–675
  3. Frary CD, Johnson RK, Wang MQ. Children and adolescents' choices of foods and beverages high in added sugars are associated with intakes of key nutrients and food groups. J Adolesc Health. 2004;34:56–63
  4. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on School Health . Soft drinks in schools. Pediatrics. 2004;113:152–154
  5. Harrington S. The role of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in adolescent obesity: A review of the literature. J Sch Nurs. 2008;24:3–12
  6. Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: A systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:274–288
  7. Crawford PB, Woodward-Lopez G, Ritchie L, et al. How discretionary can we be with sweetened beverages for children?. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108:1440–1444
  8. US Government Accountability Office. School meal programs: Competitive foods are widely available and generate substantial revenues for schools. US Government Accountability Office, 2005 Report No. GAO-05-563.
  9. Kahn L, Grunbaum JA, McKenna ML, et al. Competitive foods and beverages available for purchase in secondary schools. MMRW Weekly. 2005;54:917–921
  10. Johnston LD, Delva J, O'Malley PM. Soft drink availability, contracts, and revenues in American Secondary Schools. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33:S209–S225
  11. Finkelstein DM, Hill EL, Whitaker RC. School food environments and policies in US public schools. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e251–e259
  12. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools . Nutrition standards for foods in schools. In:  Stallings VA,  Yaktine AL editor. Leading the Way toward Healthier Youth. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2007;
  13. National Alliance for Nutrition Activity (NANA). Model School Wellness Policies [Online]. Available at: http://www.schoolwellnesspolicies.org. Accessed September 12, 2006.
  14. Mello MM, Pomeranz J, Moran P. The interplay of public health law and industry self-regulation: The case of sugar-sweetened beverage sales in schools. Am J Public Health. 2008;98:595–604
  15. Public Law 108-265, 119 Stat 729. Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 [Online]. Available at: http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Governance/Legislation/Historical/PL_108-265.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2008.
  16. School Nutrition Association (SNA) . A Foundation for the Future: Analysis of Local Wellness Policies from the 100 Largest Districts. School Nutrition Association. 2006;
  17. Brener N, Kann L, O'Tool T, Wechsler H, Kimmons J. Competitive Foods and Beverages Available for Purchase in Secondary Schools—Selected Sites, United States, 2006. Atlanta: Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008;
  18. O'Toole TP, Anderson S, Miller C, et al. Nutrition services and foods and beverages available at school: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006. J Sch Health. 2007;77:500–521
  19. Grimm GC, Harnack L, Story M. Factors associated with soft drink consumption in school-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104:1244–1249
  20. Wiecha JL, Finkelstein D, Troped PJ, et al. School vending machine use and fast-food restaurant use are associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake in youth. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106:1624–1630
  21. Cullen KW, Watson K, Zakeri I. Improvements in middle school student dietary intake after implementation of the Texas public school nutrition policy. Am J Public Health. 2008;98:111–117
  22. Nanney MS, Davey C. Evaluating the distribution of school wellness policies and practices: A framework to capture equity among schools serving the most weight-vulnerable children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108:1436–1439
  23. Schwartz MB, Lund AE, Grow HM, et al. A comprehensive coding system to measure the quality of school wellness policies. J Am Diet Assoc (in press).
  24. Samuels & Associates. Food and Beverage Environmental Analysis and Monitoring System (Food Beams). Oakland, California; 2007.
  25. Rideout K, Levy-Milne R, Martin C, et al. Food sales outlets, food availability, and the extent of nutrition policy implementation in schools in British Columbia. Can J Public Health. 2007;98:246–250
  26. Neuhouser M, Lilley S, Lund AE, Johnson DB. Development and validation of a beverage and snack questionnaire for use in evaluation of school nutrition policies. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;(in press)
  27. Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. Washington State Report Card, 2007 [Online]. Available at: http://reportcard.ospi.k12.wa.us/DataDownload.aspx. Accessed October 3, 2008.
  28. US Department of Education. Common Core of Data (CCD) 2005–2006 [Online]. Available at: http://nces.ed.gov/ccd. Accessed October 3, 2008.
  29. Raudenbush SW, Bryk Anthony S. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications; 2002;
  30. Action for Healthy Kids. Progress or Promises? . What's Working for and against Healthy Schools. Online Report. Skokie, Illinois: Action for Healthy Kids, Fall. 2008;
  31. Whatley Blum JE, Davee AM, Devore RL, et al. Implementation of low-fat, low-sugar, and portion-controlled nutrition guidelines in competitive food venues of Maine public high schools. J Sch Health. 2007;77:687–693

PII: S1054-139X(09)00118-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.008

Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 45, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S30-S37 , September 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution