Use of Mental Health Counseling as Adolescents Become Young Adults

Yu, Jennifer W.; Adams, Sally H.; Burns, Jane; Brindis, Claire D.; Irwin, Charles E.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.009

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Volume 43, Issue 3 , Pages 268-276, September 2008

Use of Mental Health Counseling as Adolescents Become Young Adults

Jennifer W. Yu, Sc.D.
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Sally H. Adams, R.N., Ph.D.
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Address correspondence to: Sally H. Adams, R.N., Ph.D., Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94143-05036
Jane Burns, Ph.D.
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Claire D. Brindis, Dr.P.H.
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Charles E. Irwin Jr., M.D.
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Received 20 November 2006; accepted 26 January 2008. published online 12 May 2008.

Abstract

Purpose

Despite parallels in mental health needs among adolescents and young adults, there is a paucity of evidence regarding use of mental health services in young adulthood. Using a longitudinal sample, this study compares rates of mental health counseling use between adolescents and young adults, examines characteristics and predictors of counseling use for young adults, and identifies reasons for foregone care among those with mental health needs in young adulthood.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 10,817 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Data were derived from an initial survey collected in 1995 (mean age, 15.8 years) and a follow-up survey collected 7 years later (mean age, 21.5 years).

Results

Among individuals with depressive symptomology, young adults reported significantly lower rates of counseling use compared with adolescents. When taking into account the severity of mental health problems, female gender, high maternal education, school attendance, and receipt of routine physical examinations were significantly predictive of counseling use among young adults. Young adults of black ethnicity were significantly less likely to receive counseling compared with those of white ethnicity. Overall, 4% of young adults reported foregoing health care in the past year, despite self-reported mental health needs. Inability to pay, belief that the problem would go away, and lack of time were commonly cited reasons for any type of foregone health care. However, concerns regarding physician's care (i.e., fear of what the doctor would say or do, and belief that the doctor would be unable to help) were more frequently mentioned by those who acknowledged a need for counseling services.

Conclusions

Low rates of mental health counseling persist from adolescence to young adulthood. Findings such as increased counseling service use among those receiving routine physical examinations, as well as reported concerns of physician care, point to possible areas of intervention within the pediatric community.

Keywords: Transition to young adulthood, Use of mental health counseling services