Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 41, Issue 2 , Pages 189-195 , August 2007

Prevalence and Frequency of Internet Harassment Instigation: Implications for Adolescent Health

  • Michele L. Ybarra, M.P.H., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Internet Solutions for Kids, Inc., Irvine, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Dr. Michele L. Ybarra, Internet Solutions for Kids, Inc., 74 Ashford, Irvine, CA 92618.
  • ,
  • Kimberly J. Mitchell, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Crimes against Children Research Center, Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Received 18 September 2006 ,Accepted 15 March 2007.

References 

  1. Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela M, Rantanen P, Rimpela A. Bullying at school—an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders. J Adolesc. 2000;23:661–674
  2. Nansel T, Craig W, Overpeck M, et al. Health Behavior in School-aged Children Bullying Working Group Cross-national consistency in the relationship between bullying behaviors and psychosocial adjustment. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:730–736
  3. Nansel T, Overpeck M, Pilla RS, et al. Bullying behaviors among US young people: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA. 2001;285:2094–2100
  4. Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela M, Martunen M, et al. Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. Br Med J. 1999;319:348–351
  5. Sourander A, Helstela L, Helenius H, Piha J. Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence—a longitudinal 8-year follow-up study. Child Abuse Neglect. 2000;24:873–881
  6. Saluja G, Iachan R, Scheidt P, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms among young adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:765
  7. Rigby K. Peer victimization at school and the health of secondary school students. Br J Educ Psychol. 1999;69:95–104
  8. Batsche GM, Knoff HM. Bullies and their victims: understanding a pervasive problem in the schools. School Psychol Rev. 1994;23:165–174
  9. Olweus D. Annotation: Bullying at school: basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1994;55:1171–1190
  10. Smith-Khuri E, Iachan R, Scheidt PC, et al. A cross-national study of violence-related behavior in adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:539–544
  11. Ybarra M, Mitchell K. Youth engaging in online harassment: associations with caregiver–child relationships, Internet use, and personal characteristics. J Adolesc. 2004;27:319–336
  12. Kumpulainen K, Rasanen E. Children involved in bullying at elementary school age: their psychiatric symptoms and deviance in adolescence. Child Abuse Neglect. 2000;24:1567–1577
  13. Forero R, McLellan L, Rissel C, Bauman A. Bullying behavior and psychosocial health among school students in New South Wales, Australia: cross national survey. Br Med J. 1999;319:344–348
  14. Smith PK, Madsen KC, Moody JC. What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied? (Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied). Educ Res. 1999;41:267–285
  15. Lenhart A, Madden M, Hitlin P. Teens and technology: youth are leading the transition to a fully wired and mobile nation. Washington DC: Pew Internet and American Life; 2005;[report]
  16. USC Annenberg School Center for the Digital Future. Ten years, ten trends. Year 4. The Digital Future Report: Surveying the Digital Future. 2004;[report]
  17. Horrigan J, Rainie L. The broadband difference (How online Americans’ behavior changes with high-speed Internet connections at home). Washington DC: Pew Internet Life Project; 2002;[report]
  18. Lenhart A, Horrigan J, Fallows D. Content creation online (44% of U.S. internet users have contributed their thoughts and their files to the online world). Washington DC: Pew American Life Project; 2004;[report]
  19. Rainie L. 16% of Internet users have viewed a remote person or place using a web cam. Washington DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project; 2005;[report]
  20. Due P, Holstein BE, Lynch J, et al. Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: international comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries. Eur J Public Health. 2005;15:128–132
  21. Solberg M, Olweus D. Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Agress Behav. 2003;29:239–268
  22. Laursen B. Conflict and social interaction in adolescent relationships. J Res Adolesc. 1995;5:55–70
  23. American Association for Public Opinion Research. Standard definitions: final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys. AAPOR. Available at: http://www.aapor.org/pdfs/standarddefs_3.1.pdf [3rd]. 2-1-2005. Lenexa, KS. 11-15-2005.
  24. Wolak J, Mitchell K, Finkelhor D. Online victimization of youth: 5 years later. 2006;National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Available at: http://www.unh.edu/ccrc.
  25. Ybarra M, Mitchell K, Finkelhor D, Wolak J. Internet prevention messages: are we targeting the right online behaviors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(2):138–145
  26. Finkelhor D, Hamby SL, Ormond R, Turner H. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: reliability, validity, and national norms. Child Abuse Neglect. 2005;29:383–412
  27. Achenbach TM. Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont; 1991;
  28. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software. Release 7.0 ed. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; 2000;
  29. Cuzick J. A Wilcoxon-type test for trend. Stat Med. 1985;4:87–89
  30. Ponton LE, Judice S. Typical adolescent sexual development. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2004;13:497–511
  31. Finkelhor D, Mitchell K, Wolak J. Online victimization: A report on the nation’s young people. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children; 2000;Available at: http://www.unh.edu/ccrc.
  32. Curtin R, Presser S, Singer E. Changes in telephone survey nonresponse over the past quarter century. Public Opinion Q. 2005;69:87–98
  33. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. Polls face growing resistance, but still representative. 4-20-2004. Washington DC: The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press.

PII: S1054-139X(07)00136-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.03.005

Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 41, Issue 2 , Pages 189-195 , August 2007