Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 39, Issue 5 , Pages 686-693 , November 2006

Age-Related Smoking Progression among Adolescents in China

Received 2 February 2006 ,Accepted 28 April 2006.

References 

  1. Paus T. Mapping brain maturation and cognitive development during adolescence. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005;9(2):60–68
  2. Casey BJ, Giedd JN, Thomas KM. Structural and functional brain development and its relation to cognitive development. Biol Psychol. 2000;54(1–3):241–257
  3. Goldstein RZ, Volkow ND. Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(10):1642–1652
  4. Adriani W, Spijker S, Deroche-Gamonet V, et al. Evidence for enhanced neurobehavioral vulnerability to nicotine during periadolescence in rats. J Neurosci. 2003;23(11):4712–4716
  5. Leslie FM, Loughlin SE, Wang R, et al. Adolescent development of forebrain stimulant responsiveness: insights from animal studies. [see comment] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1021:148–159
  6. Jamner LD, Whalen CK, Loughlin SE, et al. Tobacco use across the formative years: a road map to developmental vulnerabilities. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003;5(suppl 1):S71–S87
  7. Everett SA, Warren CW, Sharp D, et al. Initiation of cigarette smoking and subsequent smoking behavior among U.S. high school students. Prev Med. 1999;29(5):327–333
  8. Breslau N, Peterson EL. Smoking cessation in young adults: age at initiation of cigarette smoking and other suspected influences. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(2):214–220
  9. Jackson C, Henriksen L, Dickinson D, et al. A longitudinal study predicting patterns of cigarette smoking in late childhood. Health Educ Behav. 1998;25(4):436–447
  10. Khuder SA, Dayal HH, Mutgi AB. Age at smoking onset and its effect on smoking cessation. Addict Behav. 1999;24(5):673–677
  11. Lando HA, Thai DT, Murray DM, et al. Age of initiation, smoking patterns, and risk in a population of working adults. Prev Med. 1999;29(6 Pt 1):590–598
  12. Park SM, Son KY, Lee YJ, et al. A preliminary investigation of early smoking initiation and nicotine dependence in Korean adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004;74(2):197–203
  13. Cheng TO. Teenage smoking in China. J Adolesc. 1999;22(5):607–620
  14. Yang G, Fan L, Tan J, et al. Smoking in China: findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey. JAMA. 1999;282(13):1247–1253
  15. Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, et al. Cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in China: the international collaborative study of cardiovascular disease in Asia. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(11):1972–1976
  16. Leventhal H, Cleary PD. The smoking problem: a review of the research and theory in behavioral risk modification. Psychol Bull. 1980;88(2):370–405
  17. Flay BR, Hu FB, Richardson J. Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students. Prev Med. 1998;27(5 Pt 3):A9–A18
  18. Choi WS, Pierce JP, Gilpin EA, et al. Which adolescent experimenters progress to established smoking in the United States. Am J Prev Med. 1997;13(5):385–391
  19. Lloyd-Richardson EE, Papandonatos G, Kazura A, et al. Differentiating stages of smoking intensity among adolescents: stage-specific psychological and social influences. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002;70(4):998–1009
  20. Flay B. Youth tobacco use: risk patterns and control. In:  Orleans CT,  Slade J editor. Nicotine Addiction: Principles and Management. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1993;p. 653–661
  21. Rius C, Fernandez E, Schiaffano A. Self perceived health and smoking in adolescents. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58(8):698–699
  22. Scragg R, Laugesen M, Robinson E. Cigarette smoking, pocket money and socioeconomic status: results from a national survey of 4th form students in 2000. N Z Med J. 2002;115(1158):U108
  23. Ausems M, Mesters I, van Breukelen G, De Vries H. Do Dutch 11-12 years olds who never smoke, smoke experimentally or smoke regularly have different demographic backgrounds and perceptions of smoking?. Eur J Public Health. 2003;13(2):160–167
  24. Ariza-Cardenal C, Nebot-Adell M. Factors associated with smoking progression among Spanish adolescents. Health Educ Res. 2002;17(6):750–760
  25. SAS Institute. The SAS System for Personal Computers, Release 9.0. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 2002;
  26. Williams JG, Covington CJ. Predictors of cigarette smoking among adolescents. Psychol Rep. 1997;80(2):481–482
  27. Flay BR, Hu FB, Siddiqui O, et al. Differential influence of parental smoking and friends’ smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking. J Health Soc Behav. 1994;35(3):248–265
  28. Unger JB, Cruz TB, Rohrbach LA, et al. English language use as a risk factor for smoking initiation among Hispanic and Asian American adolescents: evidence for mediation by tobacco-related beliefs and social norms. Health Psychol. 2000;19(5):403–410
  29. Unger JB, Rohrbach LA, Cruz TB, et al. Ethnic variation in peer influences on adolescent smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2001;3(2):167–176
  30. Conrad KM, Flay BR, Hill D. Why children start smoking cigarettes: predictors of onset. Br J Addict. 1992;87(12):1711–1724
  31. Pederson LL, Koval JJ, McGrady GA, Tyas SL. The degree and type of relationship between psychosocial variables and smoking status for students in grade 8: is there a dose-response relationship?. Prev Med. 1998;27(3):337–347
  32. Harris JR. Where is the child’s environment? (A group socialization theory of development). Psychol Rev. 1995;(102):458–489
  33. Sasco AJ, Merrill RM, Benhaim-Luzon V, et al. Trends in tobacco smoking among adolescents in Lyon, France. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(4):496–504
  34. Unger JB, Yan L, Shakib S, et al. Peer influences and access to cigarettes as correlates of adolescent smoking: a cross-cultural comparison of Wuhan, China, and California. Prev Med. 2002;34(4):476–484
  35. Zhu BP, Liu M, Wang SQ, et al. Cigarette smoking among junior high school students in Beijing, China, 1988. Int J Epidemiol. 1992;21(5):854–861
  36. Sussman S, Dent CW, Flay BR, et al. Psychosocial predictors of cigarette smoking onset by white, black, Hispanic, and Asian adolescents in Southern California. MMWR. 1987;36(suppl 4):11S–16S
  37. Patton GC, McMorris BJ, Toumbourou JW, et al. Puberty and the onset of substance use and abuse. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):e300–e306
  38. Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI, Deng S, et al. Smoking initiation in youth: the roles of gender, race, socioeconomics, and developmental status. J Adolesc Health. 1998;23(5):271–279
  39. Belluzzi JD, Lee AG, Oliff HS, Leslie FM. Age-dependent effects of nicotine on locomotor activity and conditioned place preference in rats. Psychopharmacology. 2004;174(3):389–395

PII: S1054-139X(06)00172-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.023

Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 39, Issue 5 , Pages 686-693 , November 2006