Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 39, Issue 2 , Pages 156-163 , August 2006

Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States

  • María C. Rangel, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of HIV and AIDS Prevention, HIV Incidence and Case Surveillance Branch, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Dr. María C. Rangel, Epidemiologist, Division of HIV and AIDS Prevention, HIV Incidence and Case Surveillance Branch, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE. Mail Stop E-47 Atlanta, GA 30333.
    • ,
  • Loretta Gavin, M.P.H., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Reproductive Health, Applied Sciences Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Christie Reed, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.A.P.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Geographic Medicine Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Mary G. Fowler, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of HIV and AIDS Prevention, HIV Incidence and Case Surveillance Branch, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
    • ,
  • Lisa M. Lee, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of HIV and AIDS Prevention, HIV Incidence and Case Surveillance Branch, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Received 8 December 2005 ,Accepted 21 February 2006.

References 

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  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. LCKW1. Deaths, percent of total deaths, and death rates for the 15 leading causes of death in 5-year age groups, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2002, 2005 [cited 2005 Sep 24]. Available from: www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/mortabs/lcwk1_10.htm.
  3. McConnell MS , Byers RH , Frederick T , et al.  Trends in antiretroviral therapy use and survival rates for a large cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States, 1989–2001. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38:488–494
  4. Gortmaker SL , Hughes M , Cervia J , et al.  Effect of combination therapy including protease inhibitors on mortality among children and adolescents infected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1522–1528
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in sexual risk behaviors among high school students, United States, 1991–2001. MMWR. 2002;51(38):856–859
  6. Ventura SJ , Abma JC , Mosher WD , Henshaw S. Estimated pregnancy rates for the United States, 1990–2000 (an update). Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2004;52(23):1–9
  7. Santelli JS , Abma J , Ventura S , et al.  Can changes in sexual behaviors among high school students explain the decline in teen pregnancy rates in the 1990s?. J Adolesc Health. 2004;35(2):80–90
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV incidence among young men who have sex with men—seven U.S. cities, 1994–2000. MMWR. 2001;50:440–444
  9. Edlin BR , Irwin KL , Faruque S , et al.  Intersecting epidemics (crack cocaine use and HIV infection among inner-city young adults). N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1422–1427
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cluster of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults—Mississippi, 1999. MMWR. 1999;49:861–864
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV transmission among black college student and non-student men who have sex with men—North Carolina, 2003. MMWR. 2004;53:731–734
  12. Nakashima AK , Fleming PL. HIV/AIDS surveillance in the United States, 1981–2001. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32(suppl 1):S68–S85
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AIDS cases and persons living with AIDS. HIV/AIDS Surveill Suppl Rep. 2002;8(3):9
  14. National Archives and Records Administration. Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Fed Regist 1997;62:58781–90. Available from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/ombdir15.html.
  15. Green TA. Using surveillance data to monitor trends in the AIDS epidemic. Stat Med. 1998;17(2):143–154
  16. Crepaz N , Hart TA , Marks G. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and sexual risk behavior. JAMA. 2004;292:224–236
  17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Transmission among black women—North Carolina, 2004. MMWR. 2005;54(4):89–92
  18. Lindegren ML , Hanson C , Miller K , et al.  Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in adolescents, United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13:525–535
  19. Rotheram-Borus MJ , Lee M , Zhou S , et al.  Variation in health and risk behavior among youth living with HIV. AIDS Educ Prev. 2001;13(1):42–54
  20. Murphy DA , Durako SJ , Moscicki A , et al.  No change in health risk behaviors over time among HIV infected adolescents in care (role of psychological distress). J Adolesc Health. 2001;29(suppl 3):57–63
  21. Henry-Reid LM , Rodriguez F , Bell MA , et al.  Youth counseled for HIV testing at school-and hospital-based clinics. JAMA. 1998;90:287–292
  22. Valleroy LA , MacKellar DA , Karon JM , et al.  HIV prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men. JAMA. 2000;284(2):198–204
  23. Anderson JE , Chandra A , Mosher W. HIV testing in the United States, 2002. Adv Data. 2005;(363):1–32
  24. Burstein GR , Lowry R , Klein JD , Santelli JS. Missed opportunities for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV and pregnancy prevention during adolescent health supervision visits. Pediatrics. 2003;111:996–1001
  25. Rand CM , Auinger P , Klein JD , Weitzman M. Preventive counseling at adolescent ambulatory visits. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37(2):87–93
  26. Murphy DA , Mitchell R , Vermund SH , Futterman D. Factors associated with HIV testing among HIV-positive and HIV-negative high-risk adolescents (the REACH study) . Pediatrics. 2002;110(3):e36; [cited 2005 Sep 24].Available from: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/110/3/e36.
  27. Kaiser Family Foundation. National Survey of Teens on HIV/AIDS (Publication No. 3092). Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation; 2000 [cited 2005 Sep 24]. Available from: http://www.kff.org/youthhivstds/3092-index.cfm.
  28. Rotheram-Borus MJ , Futterman D. Promoting early detection of HIV infection among adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:435–439
  29. Jackson S , Hafemeister TL. Impact of parental consent and notification policies on the decisions of adolescents to be tested for HIV. J Adolesc Health. 2001;29:81–93

PII: S1054-139X(06)00077-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.02.011

Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 39, Issue 2 , Pages 156-163 , August 2006

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