Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 34, Issue 3 , Pages 200-208 , March 2004

Initiation of sexual intercourse among middle school adolescents: the influence of psychosocial factors

  • John S. Santelli, M.D., M.P.H.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (J.S.S.)
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: John Santelli, M.D., M.P.H., Chief, Applied Sciences Branch, DRH, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K22, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
    • ,
  • Javaid Kaiser, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Treasury, Washington, DC, USA(J.K.)
    • ,
  • Lesley Hirsch, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA (L.H., A.R., L.S., S.M.)
    • ,
  • Alice Radosh, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA (L.H., A.R., L.S., S.M.)
    • ,
  • Linda Simkin, M.Phil.

      Affiliations

    • Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA (L.H., A.R., L.S., S.M.)
    • ,
  • Susan Middlestadt, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA (L.H., A.R., L.S., S.M.)

,Accepted 12 June 2003.

References 

  1. Santelli JS, DiClemente R, Miller K, Kirby D. Sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy, and adolescent health promotion. Adolesc Med. 1999;10:87–108
  2. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Unintended Pregnancy . The Best Intentions (Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families). Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995;
  3. Hofferth SL. Influences on early sexual and fertility behavior. In: Hofferth SL, Hayes CD (eds). Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy and Childbearing. Vol. II: Working Papers and Statistical Appendices. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1987:7–35
  4. Cates W, Stone KM. Family planning, sexually transmitted diseases and contraceptive choice: A literature update. Fam Plann Perspect 1992;24:75–84, 122–128
  5. Orr DP, Beiter M, Ingersoll G. Premature sexual activity as an indicator of psychosocial risk. Pediatrics. 1991;87:141–147
  6. Greenberg J, Magder L, Aral S. Age at first coitus (A marker of risky sexual behavior in women). Sex Transm Dis. 1992;19:331–334
  7. Kirby D. Emerging Answers. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy; 2001;
  8. Moore KA, Miller BC, Glei D, Morrison DR. Adolescent Sex, Contraception, and Childbearing (A Review of Recent Research). Washington, DC: Child Trends, Inc; 1995;
  9. Basen-Engquist K, Parcel GS. Attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy (A model of adolescents–HIV-related sexual risk behavior). Health Educ. 1992;19:263–277
  10. Shafer MA, Boyer CB. Psychosocial and behavioral factors associated with risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection, among urban school students. J Pediatr. 1991;119:826–833
  11. Orr DP, Langefeld CD. Factors associated with condom use by sexually active male adolescents at risk for sexually transmitted disease. Pediatrics. 1993;91:873–879
  12. Kinsman SB, Romer D, Furstenberg FF, Schwarz DF. Early sexual initiation (The role of peer norms). Pediatrics. 1998;102:1185–1192
  13. Carvajal SC, Parcel GS, Banspach SW, et al.  Psychosocial predictors of delay of first sexual intercourse by adolescents. Health Psychol. 1999;18:443–452
  14. Simkin L, Hirsch L, Radosh A, et al.  Strategies to maximize retention of a sample of young adolescents in a longitudinal evaluation of Healthy and Alive. J Sch Health. 2000;70:286–291
  15. Bates DM, Pinheiro JC. Computational Methods for Multilevel Modeling. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin; 1998;
  16. Gibbons RD, Hedeker D. Random effects (Probit and logistic regression models for three level data). Biometrics. 1997;53:1527–1537
  17. Raudenbush SW. Hierarchical models, Bayes, maximum likelihood, multilevel data. Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997
  18. Goldstein H, Radash J. Improved approximations for multilevel models with binary responses. J Royal Stat Soc. 1996;159:505–514
  19. Rodriquez G, Goldman N. Improved estimation procedures for multilevel models with binary responses (A case study). J Royal Stat Soc. 2001;164:339–356
  20. Goldstein H. Multilevel Statistical Models. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1995;
  21. Hox JJ. Applied Multilevel Analysis. 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: TT-Publikaties; 1995;
  22. Bryk AS, Raudenbush SW. Hierarchical Linear Models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1992;
  23. Rasbash J, Woodhouse G. Mln Command Reference. London: Institute of Education, University of London; 1996;
  24. Woodhouse G. Multilevel Modeling Applications. London: Institute of Education, University of London; 1996;
  25. Rosenbaum E, Kandel DB. Early onset of adolescent sexual behavior and drug involvement. J Marriage Fam. 1990;52:783–798
  26. Fortenberry JD. Adolescent substance use and sexually transmitted diseases risk (A review). J Adolesc Health. 1995;16:304–308
  27. Leigh BC. Alcohol and unsafe sex (An overview of research and theory). In:  Seminara D,  Watson RR,  Pawlowski A editor. Alcohol, Immunomodulation, and AIDS. New York: Alan R. Liss; 1990;p. 35–46
  28. Resnick MD, Bearman PS, Blum RW, et al.  Protecting adoles-cents from harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. JAMA. 1997;278:823–832
  29. Sudman S, Bradburn NM, Schwarz N. Thinking about Answers (The Application of Cognitive Processes to Survey Methodology). San Francisco, CA: Jossey & Bass; 1996;
  30. Santelli JS, Klein JD, Graff CA, et al.  Reliability in adolescent reporting of clinician counseling, health care use, and health behaviors. Med Care. 2002;40:26–37

PII: S1054-139X(03)00273-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.06.004

Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 34, Issue 3 , Pages 200-208 , March 2004

Article Tools